Flute count follows the material
Aluminium wants one or two flutes so the chip can get out. Hardwood and plastic tolerate more. A four-flute cutter in aluminium on a light machine is the most common way to break a tool on the first pass.
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The cutter is the cheapest part of the machine and the one that decides most of the result. It is also where a desktop machine most often fails: the wrong geometry in aluminium will weld chips to the flutes and break the tool in seconds.
This is geometry and coating by material, without the marketing.
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Aluminium wants one or two flutes so the chip can get out. Hardwood and plastic tolerate more. A four-flute cutter in aluminium on a light machine is the most common way to break a tool on the first pass.
TiAlN and AlTiN suit steel and stainless. In aluminium, uncoated polished flutes or ZrN are usually better, because the common coatings encourage the aluminium to stick.
Upcut clears chips and lifts the top edge. Downcut leaves a clean top and packs chips into the slot. Compression does both and needs enough depth to work.
Obvious and still the commonest ordering error: 3.175mm, 4mm, 6mm, 6.35mm and 8mm all exist in the same listing, and the photograph is the same for all of them.
For anything harder than softwood on a rigid machine, carbide is the only sensible answer. On a flexible machine, carbide also breaks more readily — which is a machine problem showing up as a tooling cost.
Cutters are where unbranded supply varies most between batches. We buy a sample, measure it, and only then place the quantity.